加拉帕戈斯群岛 (Isabela)
今天从基多坐飞机去Galápagos加拉帕戈斯群岛。从美国飞厄瓜多尔的时候有疫苗证明就不需要阴性测试结果了,但本土大陆飞这个加拉帕戈斯群岛反而必须要有阴性测试结果,这样也好,心里踏实些。飞机上旁边坐着兄弟俩,一个住旧金山,一个住俄勒冈州,其中一个也是老师放暑假。同一航班的还有一大群美国来的高中生。飞机降落后先坐大巴去港口,换小船到其中的一个主岛上,再坐大巴去岛南边的市中心。小船上听旁边一个当地人说虽然厄瓜多尔大陆本土只有老年人打了疫苗,但这个群岛5月份18岁以上人群将近100%都打了疫苗,小道消息说并不是政府资助的,而是由关注环保的名人捐助的疫苗。
加拉帕戈斯群岛之所以有名是因为达尔文环球旅行登陆这儿之后,给了他灵感启发他想到了自然选择的进化论,最终促使他写成了《物种起源》。第一次听说这儿还是两年前决定去哥伦比亚还是厄瓜多尔前做攻略的时候,只记得在这个群岛就需要至少一个礼拜的时间,当时假不够就决定去哥伦比亚了。这次来厄瓜多尔之前看网上说在这个岛上旅游超级贵,物价高,离大陆首都要将近1000公里,机票估计比美国飞厄瓜多尔都贵,当时正犹豫要不要来的时候,正巧看新闻里说地质奇迹天然形成的达尔文拱门突然坍塌于大洋之中,当时感觉这是一个预兆:很多事情我们总想着反正还有时间、等以后再做,但却不知道还有没有以后了。由于全球气候变化等原因,很多地方当你想去的时候,可能都不存在了。第二个预兆是前一阵儿一直看的美剧Schitt’s Creek里其中一个主人公要去这个岛上工作。好不容易来厄瓜多尔一次,不去也怪可惜的。这次不来,以后估计也不会再单独来一趟了。
听当地人说去年疫情以来,这里的游客大幅下降,过去每天有大概600名游客,去年疫情刚开始的三四个月内一共才三四百名游客,现在在慢慢恢复,但还是游客稀少。我订的青旅直接给升级成两人间了,条件还很好。出去在街上逛了逛,看见了霸占了公交车站座位的海狮和黄色的大蜥蜴。
加拉帕戈斯群岛最常见的物种就是海狮了,海岸上到处都是,各种躺平睡大觉的,一整天基本就没见着醒着的,太惬意了。听导游介绍海狮跟海豹最明显的区别就是海狮头部两侧小小的耳朵显而易见,而海豹的头两侧有并不明显或甚至很难看见的耳洞。除了海狮,常见物种还有海鬣蜥(栖息在海边礁石上)和陆鬣蜥(趴在火山岩上或道路中间),基本一动不动。除了这两种比较常见的动物,今天还见着了蓝脚鲣鸟 Blue-Footed Booby,在海滩上随便溜达的时候无意看到一大群蓝脚鲣鸟,比下午参团带去的Tintoreras岛看到的多多了。雄鸟跟雌鸟相比体型更小,身体颜色更浅。听说在别的岛上还有红脚鲣鸟。这儿最独特的物种应该算是赤道企鹅了,这是全世界唯一野生于赤道以北的企鹅,体型较小,直立时仅50厘米,是全世界第二小的企鹅,最小的企鹅在澳大利亚。
下午参团还包括浮潜,跟着导游游呀游,还看到了大海龟、小鲨鱼和海狮。这儿的小鲨鱼跟海狮一起游离得很近,据说小鲨鱼只吃鱿鱼啥的,不吃海狮跟人。之后又见到了各种各样的鸟和火烈鸟,听导游说清晨能看到更多的火烈鸟,明天早起去看看。
早上去同一个地方看火烈鸟,多了一只而已,有幸看到一只在天上飞的,感觉在侏罗纪公园里似的。打算自己去Muro de las lágrimas泪之墙,当地人建议租辆自行车去,但走着去也可以,就是时间长点儿,反正上午有时间,就决定走着去了。半途中开始下小雨,于是加快脚步健走。路过好几个路边的指示牌写着“注意加拉帕戈斯象龟”,但可能因为下雨我刚开始一只都没看到。走着走着后面赶上来一个基多来的大叔,因为这条路上就没别人了,他问我要不要一起徒步。自打加入他之后,就一个接一个地看到了五六个象龟。这种象龟是岛上的特有物种,也是岛名字的由来。成年象龟体长1.5米,重量近200斤,寿命超过100年。如果离他们近了,他们会发出怪声,然后把头缩到龟壳里。路上还看到了很多仙人掌树,可高达12米,但据说每年只长几毫米到几厘米。仙人掌也是象龟的主要食物来源。
一路上两个多小时,跟Quito大叔边走边聊,得知他是Nutella巧克力榛子酱在厄瓜多尔的唯一代理商,还做其他食品营养品生意,自己是个大老板,全公司有500多人,老婆和两个儿子都在这个家族公司工作。聊得越多,越确定他是个有钱人。他们全家几个月前去美国就是为了把新冠疫苗给打了。一般人都是第一次来加拉帕戈斯群岛,他是第五次来度假了,而且是从主岛Santa Cruz坐私人小飞机来这个Isabela岛的,我们一般人只能坐两个小时的颠簸的小船过来。大叔三年前还出差去过中国,喜欢吃北京烤鸭。后来还聊到他跟前妻有个一个女儿在新泽西州,下个月他就要当外公了,很开心。聊了很多之后,大叔突然说很少人知道他的私人生活,一般他也很少会很别人说起,他在工作中完全是另一个人,特别严肃,他说在这儿才是他放松的真正的自己。大叔身体倍儿棒,走得特别快,我得努把劲儿才能跟上。最后终于到了泪之墙,据说这是四五十年代监狱犯人被迫建的,上千人死于建造的过程中。
下午参加了个半日团坐船去Túneles。团里的其他四个人有一对法国母子,儿子之前在旧金山工作生活五年,去年疫情以来搬出旧金山到处旅游并同时远程工作,母亲以前也是个老师,在美国的法国国际学校教生物。还有个住在牙买加的意大利人,另一个是刚服了三年兵役的以色列人。Túneles这个岛是数百年前火山喷发岩浆流动形成的,看起来像隧道一样。导游说这些看到的分开的一块块儿的熔岩最初都是连在一起的一个大板块,但由于全球气候变暖,水位升高,水流侵蚀熔岩从而形成了现在所看到的景象。在清澈的水里能看到大块大块的塌陷的岩浆。走在熔岩上感觉在另一个星球上一样。我们坐在一个拱桥上留影,导游说上个月北边的达尔文拱桥坍塌了,这个没准儿就是下一个了。
除了昨天看到的赤道企鹅,今天又近距离长时间观察了蓝脚鲣鸟。现在正是他们求偶交配繁殖的季节,雄性会左右摇动身体,踏着蓝色的小脚跳舞,来吸引雌性。雄性一般体型比雌性小一些,脚的蓝色浅一些,黑色的瞳孔小一些。拍了张正脸照,感觉长得呆呆的很逗比。之后去浮潜,超近距离跟赤道企鹅、大海龟一起游泳。大海龟身长一两米,有一只伸手可触,感觉比我都大。还看到了一大群栖息在水下漆黑岩洞里的鲨鱼、海狮、小海马和各种色彩斑斓的鱼。
今天早上徒步火山口Sierra Negra的团一集合就发现昨天浮潜团的其他四个人也在这里。除了我们五个,还有另外五个人。因为最近游客跟往常相比少很多,于是把我们英文导游团跟西语导游团拼到一起了。导游说疫情前这个团每天都有,而且至少每天有五六个团徒步这个火山口,现在一周也就两三个团,今天只有我们一个团。疫情这会儿旅游的好坏处都有,好处就是去哪儿都人很少,经常包场,价钱也比往常便宜,大多数一日团啊住宿什么的完全不用提前订,最后一刻订有时还有超低价,行程也不用提前计划,可以很随意。坏处就是大部分时候还得戴口罩,有时热得要死难呼吸,而且没有很多机会遇到搭伴儿的驴友,怀念之前旅行时能很容易地认识新朋友、并相互分享推荐行程的时候。
Sierra Negra火山是加拉帕戈斯群岛Isabela岛上五个活火山之一,也是世界上第二大的火山口,50多万年前形成的。经导游介绍才知道世界第一大火山口就在美国,竟是黄石公园。三年前的今天这个火山是最后一次爆发,导游说他当时正好带团,在最上面拍下了火山口内熔岩喷发流动的唯一的视频,卖了给很多当地电台用来报道新闻,在YouTube上也能搜到。从开始徒步到火山口边缘一直在下小雨,一路上泥泞不堪的,火山口里云雾缭绕的基本什么都看不清。之后天气慢慢放晴,运气好的正好看到在火山口里出现了彩虹,导游都说这是他第一次在这个位置见到彩虹。从火山口边缘往里有就是一路向下了,眼前的景色和脚下的地质马上大不相同,感觉是在另一个世界、走在火星上。越往里走再回头看就会发现越靠外围植被越多些,岩石的颜色也不同,越往里岩石越黑,因为是最近爆发的,没有任何植被生长出来。还看到了些小洞穴,是岩浆流动形成的,把手伸进去温度很热。导游还给我们看他每次路过都搜集的硫磺石头。
完成了四五个小时的徒步,回到住处背上背包去赶三点回Santa Cruz岛的小船,颠簸了两个多小时回到主岛Santa Cruz。
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